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Fusion:

Additional Nomenclature

Fusion extended notes

 

 

Reaction nomenclature

 

H­­2 = D = Deuterium                  n = neutron                       Protium = Hydrogen

 

H­­3 = T = Tritium                        p = proton             He3­­­­ = ‘unstable’ helium isotope

 

He4 = stable helium isotope

 

 

Reactions:

 

D + D = He3 + n + 3.25 MeV (neutron emitting)

 

D + D = T +p + 4 MeV (rearrangement of neutron to form tritium and protium)

 

He3­­ + D = He4 + p +18.3 MeV (‘clean production of He4 from He3­­)

 

T + D = He4 +n + 17.6 MeV (Neutron emitting, but to He4 not via intermediates)

 

 

Radiation

 

Neutrons:

Any fusion reactor will generate a certain amount of neutrons, though reduction in this kind of radiation can be reduced if cleaner fusion reactions are selected for. Most reactors strive for ‘low neutron’ reactions not because of the neutron emission (today’s neutronium linings are extremely good at soaking up this kind of radiation) but because escaping neutrons leave the reaction with some useful energy, and soaking up these stray neutrons to make stable helium isotopes is an important source of energy. ‘Open drive’ fusion engines have to generate extremely low neutron emissions, because their exhaust works its way into the environment, these reactors are not ‘hot’ enough for straight protium-protium reactions, so Deuterium-Deuterium reactions or He3 – D reactions are sought for instead.

 

“Bremsstrahlung” radiation:

A certain disagreeable but unavoidable emission from fusion reactors, this form of radiation is caused by particle interactions, or more specifically from electrons when their ‘paths’ are changed from linear to non-linear courses. As expected the radiation is purely electromagnetic and an intact neutronium lining shields this radiation very efficiently with no environmental leakage even with a lining thickness less than 5mm. This form of radiation is also regreatably formed in open drives and neutronium ‘louvres’, concentric shielding rings of neutronium plate, prevent escape of this radiation from the linear reactor core to the external exhaust flame. (Heated louvres are used in atmosphere fusion drives, where air is mixed with partially mixed fusion exhaust, the expansion of the introduced air is the greater thrust compared to the fusion flare itself and provides the greater part of the thrust, the louvres heat up, though they separate the air stream from reactor stream, and avoid significant nuclear reactions (e.g. protonation of atmospheric isotopes).
 

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